### Keepalived Docker Nginx 高可用集群配置步骤 以下是使用 Keepalived 和 Docker 构建 Nginx 高可用集群的详细步骤： #### 1. 准备工作 确保两台或多台服务器已安装并运行 Docker[^2]。可以通过以下命令验证 Docker 的状态和服务是否正常运行： ```bash systemctl status docker ``` 如果未启用 Docker，则通过以下命令启动并设置开机自启： ```bash systemctl start docker systemctl enable docker ``` #### 2. 创建基础镜像 为了简化后续操作，可以基于 CentOS 或其他 Linux 发行版创建一个带有常用工具的基础镜像[^3]。 - 启动临时容器： ```bash docker run -it --name centos_temp -d --privileged centos /usr/sbin/init ``` - 进入容器并安装必要的软件包（如 `epel-release`、`vim` 等）： ```bash yum install epel-release vim net-tools -y ``` - 提交更改后的容器为新的基础镜像： ```bash docker commit -m 'centos with common tools' centos_temp centos_base ``` #### 3. 编写 Docker Compose 文件 编写 `docker-compose.yml` 文件来定义 Master 和 Backup 节点的服务结构[^1]。 示例文件如下： ```yaml version: '3' services: nginx_master: image: nginx:latest container_name: nginx_master ports: - "80:80" volumes: - ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html - ./conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf networks: keepalived_net: ipv4_address: 192.168.1.10 nginx_backup: image: nginx:latest container_name: nginx_backup ports: - "80:80" volumes: - ./html:/usr/share/nginx/html - ./conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf networks: keepalived_net: ipv4_address: 192.168.1.11 keepalived_master: build: ./keepalived container_name: keepalived_master privileged: true cap_add: - NET_ADMIN environment: ROLE: MASTER VIP: 192.168.1.100 depends_on: - nginx_master networks: keepalived_net: ipv4_address: 192.168.1.12 keepalived_backup: build: ./keepalived container_name: keepalived_backup privileged: true cap_add: - NET_ADMIN environment: ROLE: BACKUP VIP: 192.168.1.100 depends_on: - nginx_backup networks: keepalived_net: ipv4_address: 192.168.1.13 networks: keepalived_net: driver: bridge ipam: config: - subnet: 192.168.1.0/24 ``` #### 4. 定义 Keepalived 配置 在 `./keepalived/Dockerfile` 中定义 Keepalived 的环境和配置文件路径。 示例 `Dockerfile`： ```dockerfile FROM alpine:latest RUN apk add --no-cache keepalived COPY keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf CMD ["keepalived", "-n"] ``` 示例 `keepalived.conf`： ```plaintext global_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state ${ROLE} interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1234 } virtual_ipaddress { ${VIP} } } ``` #### 5. 启动服务 执行以下命令以启动整个高可用集群： ```bash docker-compose up -d ``` 检查容器的状态： ```bash docker ps ``` 访问虚拟 IP 地址 `${VIP}` 测试负载均衡功能。 --- ### 参数优化与注意事项 根据实际需求调整 Keepalived 的优先级、心跳间隔和其他参数[^3]。例如，在生产环境中可能需要增加健康检查机制或更复杂的网络拓扑支持。 ---