以下是使用 Python 实现随机生成相同长度 `n` 的 `list` 数组、自定义链表及 `dict` 字典，进行多次 `k` 次随机访问、按值查询操作并计时比较效率，同时增加随机位置插入、按位置删除和按值删除操作的代码： ```python import random import time # 自定义链表节点类 class ListNode: def __init__(self, val=0, next=None): self.val = val self.next = next # 自定义链表类 class LinkedList: def __init__(self): self.head = None self.length = 0 def append(self, val): new_node = ListNode(val) if not self.head: self.head = new_node else: current = self.head while current.next: current = current.next current.next = new_node self.length += 1 def get(self, index): if index < 0 or index >= self.length: return None current = self.head for _ in range(index): current = current.next return current.val def insert(self, index, val): if index < 0 or index > self.length: return new_node = ListNode(val) if index == 0: new_node.next = self.head self.head = new_node else: current = self.head for _ in range(index - 1): current = current.next new_node.next = current.next current.next = new_node self.length += 1 def delete_at_index(self, index): if index < 0 or index >= self.length: return if index == 0: self.head = self.head.next else: current = self.head for _ in range(index - 1): current = current.next current.next = current.next.next self.length -= 1 def delete_by_value(self, val): if not self.head: return if self.head.val == val: self.head = self.head.next self.length -= 1 return current = self.head while current.next and current.next.val != val: current = current.next if current.next: current.next = current.next.next self.length -= 1 # 生成数据 n = 10000 k = 1000 # 生成 list lst = [random.randint(0, 100000) for _ in range(n)] # 生成链表 linked_list = LinkedList() for i in range(n): linked_list.append(random.randint(0, 100000)) # 生成字典 d = {i: random.randint(0, 100000) for i in range(n)} # 随机访问操作 # list 随机访问 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): index = random.randint(0, n - 1) _ = lst[index] list_random_access_time = time.time() - start_time # 链表随机访问 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): index = random.randint(0, n - 1) _ = linked_list.get(index) linked_list_random_access_time = time.time() - start_time # 字典随机访问 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): key = random.randint(0, n - 1) _ = d[key] dict_random_access_time = time.time() - start_time # 按值查询操作 # list 按值查询 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): value = random.randint(0, 100000) if value in lst: pass list_value_query_time = time.time() - start_time # 链表按值查询 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): value = random.randint(0, 100000) current = linked_list.head while current: if current.val == value: break current = current.next linked_list_value_query_time = time.time() - start_time # 字典按值查询 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): value = random.randint(0, 100000) if value in d.values(): pass dict_value_query_time = time.time() - start_time # 随机位置插入操作 # list 随机位置插入 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): index = random.randint(0, n - 1) value = random.randint(0, 100000) lst.insert(index, value) list_random_insert_time = time.time() - start_time # 链表随机位置插入 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): index = random.randint(0, n - 1) value = random.randint(0, 100000) linked_list.insert(index, value) linked_list_random_insert_time = time.time() - start_time # 按位置删除操作 # list 按位置删除 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): index = random.randint(0, len(lst) - 1) del lst[index] list_delete_at_index_time = time.time() - start_time # 链表按位置删除 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): index = random.randint(0, linked_list.length - 1) linked_list.delete_at_index(index) linked_list_delete_at_index_time = time.time() - start_time # 按值删除操作 # list 按值删除 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): value = random.randint(0, 100000) if value in lst: lst.remove(value) list_delete_by_value_time = time.time() - start_time # 链表按值删除 start_time = time.time() for _ in range(k): value = random.randint(0, 100000) linked_list.delete_by_value(value) linked_list_delete_by_value_time = time.time() - start_time print("List 随机访问时间:", list_random_access_time) print("链表随机访问时间:", linked_list_random_access_time) print("字典随机访问时间:", dict_random_access_time) print("List 按值查询时间:", list_value_query_time) print("链表按值查询时间:", linked_list_value_query_time) print("字典按值查询时间:", dict_value_query_time) print("List 随机位置插入时间:", list_random_insert_time) print("链表随机位置插入时间:", linked_list_random_insert_time) print("List 按位置删除时间:", list_delete_at_index_time) print("链表按位置删除时间:", linked_list_delete_at_index_time) print("List 按值删除时间:", list_delete_by_value_time) print("链表按值删除时间:", linked_list_delete_by_value_time) ``` ###