### 显示影片基本信息（必做题） 对于第一个任务——从豆瓣电影Top250页面抓取并显示每部电影的基本信息，可以借助Python语言结合网络爬虫技术完成。以下是具体的步骤说明： #### 步骤1：准备工具 - **requests库**：用于发送HTTP请求。 - **BeautifulSoup库**：解析HTML内容。 #### 示例代码 ```python import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup def get_movie_info(): url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250" headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36' } start = 0 while True: page_url = f"{url}?start={start}" response = requests.get(page_url, headers=headers) if not response.ok or len(response.text.strip()) == 0: break soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, "html.parser") movies = soup.select("div.item") for movie in movies: rank_tag = movie.find('em', class_="") # 排名 title_tag = movie.find('span', class_='title') # 中文片名 rating_tag = movie.find('span', class_='rating_num') # 评分 link_tag = movie.find('a') # 链接 rank = rank_tag.text if rank_tag else "无排名" title = title_tag.text.replace("/", "").strip() if title_tag else "无标题" rating = rating_tag.text if rating_tag else "无评分" link = link_tag['href'] if link_tag and 'href' in link_tag.attrs else "无链接" print(f"{rank}-{title}-{rating}-{link}") next_page_button = soup.find('span', attrs={'class': 'next'}) if not next_page_button or 'disabled' in str(next_page_button): break start += 25 if __name__ == "__main__": get_movie_info() ``` --- ### 存储影片详细信息（选做题） 针对第二个需求，在之前获取的基础之上进一步提取更详细的字段，如导演、编剧、主演等信息，并将其存入文件中。 #### 扩展示例代码 ```python import json def save_detailed_info(movies_data, filename='douban_movies.json'): with open(filename, mode='w+', encoding='utf-8') as file: json.dump(movies_data, file, ensure_ascii=False) # 完善函数get_movie_info以包括更多细节数据... def fetch_detail(url): resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers) detail_soup = BeautifulSoup(resp.content, "html.parser") director_tag = detail_soup.find(text="导演").find_next_sibling().text.split(":")[1].strip() if detail_soup.find(text="导演") else None screenwriter_tags = [x.strip() for x in detail_soup.find(text="编剧").find_parent().find_all_next('a')] if detail_soup.find(text="编剧") else [] actors_list = [] # 类似处理演员列表... return {"director": director_tag, ...} movies_with_details = [] for i in range(25): detailed_movie = dict(rank=..., title=...) details = fetch_detail(link_of_the_movie) detailed_movie.update(details) movies_with_details.append(detailed_movie) save_detailed_info(movies_with_details) ``` 注意这里的伪代码需要根据实际结构填充完整逻辑。