### 使用 Paramiko 库通过 SFTP 协议上传整个文件夹 为了实现这一目标，可以利用 `paramiko` 和 `os` 模块来遍历本地目录并将其中的每一个文件传输到远程服务器上。下面是一个完整的例子说明如何完成这项工作： ```python import os import paramiko def upload_directory_to_sftp(local_dir, remote_dir, hostname, port=22, username=None, password=None, private_key_path=None): """Uploads an entire directory from local machine to the specified location on a remote server over SFTP. Args: local_dir (str): Path of the source directory. remote_dir (str): Destination path on the remote host where files will be uploaded. hostname (str): The IP address or domain name of the target SSH/SFTP server. port (int, optional): Port number used by the SSH service. Defaults to 22. username (str, optional): Username for authentication with the SSH server. Required unless key-based auth is set up. password (str, optional): Password corresponding to provided user account. Not required if using keys instead. private_key_path (str, optional): Filepath pointing towards your RSA/DSA private key file; useful when not wanting to use passwords directly. Raises: Exception: If connection fails due to invalid credentials or other issues during setup phase. """ try: transport = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port)) if private_key_path: pkey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_path) transport.connect(username=username, pkey=pkey) elif username and password: transport.connect(username=username, password=password) else: raise ValueError('Either provide both "username" & "password", OR specify valid "private_key_path".') sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # Ensure that destination exists remotely before attempting uploads try: sftp.chdir(remote_dir) except IOError: sftp.mkdir(remote_dir) sftp.chdir(remote_dir) for root, dirs, files in os.walk(local_dir): relative_path = os.path.relpath(root, start=local_dir) remote_relative_path = os.path.join(remote_dir, relative_path).replace("\\","/") for dir_name in dirs: full_remote_path = f'{remote_relative_path}/{dir_name}'.replace("//","/") try: sftp.stat(full_remote_path) except FileNotFoundError: sftp.mkdir(full_remote_path) for filename in files: local_filepath = os.path.join(root, filename) remote_filepath = os.path.join(remote_relative_path, filename).replace("\\","/") print(f'Uploading {filename}...') sftp.put(local_filepath, remote_filepath) sftp.close() transport.close() except Exception as e: print(e) if __name__ == '__main__': LOCAL_DIR_PATH = '/path/to/local/folder' REMOTE_DIR_PATH = '/home/user/uploads/' HOST_NAME = 'example.com' upload_directory_to_sftp( LOCAL_DIR_PATH, REMOTE_DIR_PATH, HOST_NAME, username='your_username', password='your_password_or_none_if_using_keys', private_key_path='/optional/path/to/private/key/file' ) ``` 此脚本定义了一个名为 `upload_directory_to_sftp()` 的函数，该函数接收多个参数用于配置连接细节以及指定要复制的数据位置[^1]。