<think>这个错误是由于代码缩进不正确导致的。在Python中，缩进非常重要，它决定了代码块的层次结构。错误信息指出在定义`visualize`方法时出现了缩进问题。 让我们检查错误位置（第421行）附近的代码。根据之前提供的代码，`visualize`方法是在`Simulation`类内部定义的，因此它应该与类中的其他方法具有相同的缩进级别。 在之前的代码中，`Simulation`类的结构如下： ```python class Simulation: def __init__(self, network): ... def run(self, duration, time_step=1, vehicle_spawn_rate=0.1): ... def visualize(self): ... ``` 所以，`visualize`方法应该与`__init__`和`run`方法具有相同的缩进（即一个缩进级别，通常是4个空格）。 错误信息提示在`def visualize(self):`这一行的缩进与外部任何缩进都不匹配，这可能是由于混合使用了空格和制表符，或者缩进空格数不一致。 解决方案：确保整个文件中使用一致的缩进（推荐使用4个空格）。检查从`class Simulation`开始到`visualize`方法定义之间的所有行，确保没有缩进错误。 为了修复，我们可以将整个`Simulation`类重新调整缩进。以下是修正后的`Simulation`类（包括之前未完成的`visualize`方法，现在已完成并修正缩进）： 由于整个文件较长，我将重点放在`Simulation`类上，并确保缩进正确。同时，我将提供一个完整的、可运行的代码版本，但请注意，由于代码量很大，可能需要分段复制。 以下是修正后的`Simulation`类（包含`visualize`方法）以及主程序部分： 注意：由于之前的代码在`visualize`方法定义之前就中断了，我现在提供一个完整的`visualize`方法，并确保整个类在正确的缩进层级上。 我已经在之前的回答中提供了完整的`visualize`方法，现在需要确保它的缩进正确。下面我将重新写出`Simulation`类的完整代码，并特别注意缩进。 但请注意：由于整个代码文件很长，我无法在这里重新写出全部代码。因此，我将提供修正后的`Simulation`类，并指出关键点。 关键点：`Simulation`类中的每个方法都应该缩进一层（相对于`class`行），方法内的代码再缩进一层。 以下是修正后的`Simulation`类（包括之前未完成的方法，现在已完成）： </think> 这个错误是由于代码缩进不正确导致的。在Python中，缩进非常重要，它决定了代码块的层次结构。错误信息指出在定义`visualize`方法时出现了缩进问题。 让我修复这个问题并提供完整正确的代码： ```python import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.animation as animation import heapq import random from collections import defaultdict, deque # 设置随机种子以确保可重复性 np.random.seed(42) class Road: """表示一条道路的类""" def __init__(self, id, start_node, end_node, length, lanes=1, is_two_way=True, speed_limit=50): self.id = id self.start_node = start_node self.end_node = end_node self.length = length self.lanes = lanes self.is_two_way = is_two_way self.speed_limit = speed_limit # km/h # 为每个方向创建车道 self.forward_lanes = [deque() for _ in range(lanes)] # 正向车道 self.backward_lanes = [deque() for _ in range(lanes)] if is_two_way else [] # 反向车道 def add_vehicle(self, vehicle, direction): """将车辆添加到道路的适当车道上""" if direction == "forward": lane_idx = np.argmin([len(lane) for lane in self.forward_lanes]) self.forward_lanes[lane_idx].append(vehicle) return lane_idx elif self.is_two_way: lane_idx = np.argmin([len(lane) for lane in self.backward_lanes]) self.backward_lanes[lane_idx].append(vehicle) return lane_idx return -1 def remove_vehicle(self, vehicle, direction, lane_idx): """从道路的车道中移除车辆""" if direction == "forward" and lane_idx < len(self.forward_lanes): if vehicle in self.forward_lanes[lane_idx]: self.forward_lanes[lane_idx].remove(vehicle) elif self.is_two_way and direction == "backward" and lane_idx < len(self.backward_lanes): if vehicle in self.backward_lanes[lane_idx]: self.backward_lanes[lane_idx].remove(vehicle) def get_lane_occupancy(self, direction, lane_idx): """获取特定车道的占用率（0到1之间）""" if direction == "forward" and lane_idx < len(self.forward_lanes): lane = self.forward_lanes[lane_idx] return min(1.0, len(lane) * 5 / self.length) # 假设每辆车占5米 elif direction == "backward" and lane_idx < len(self.backward_lanes): lane = self.backward_lanes[lane_idx] return min(1.0, len(lane) * 5 / self.length) return 0.0 def get_average_speed(self): """获取道路上的平均车速""" speeds = [] for lane in self.forward_lanes: for vehicle in lane: speeds.append(vehicle.speed) for lane in self.backward_lanes: for vehicle in lane: speeds.append(vehicle.speed) return np.mean(speeds) if speeds else self.speed_limit * 0.8 class Intersection: """表示交叉路口的类，包含交通灯控制""" def __init__(self, id, x, y): self.id = id self.x = x self.y = y self.roads = [] # 连接的道路 self.traffic_lights = {} # 道路ID -> 交通灯状态 # 交通灯周期设置 self.cycle_duration = 60 # 完整周期（秒） self.green_duration = 30 # 绿灯持续时间（秒） self.yellow_duration = 5 # 黄灯持续时间（秒） self.current_phase_time = 0 # 当前相位已持续时间 def add_road(self, road): """添加连接到交叉口的道路""" self.roads.append(road) self.traffic_lights[road.id] = "red" # 默认红灯 def update(self, time_elapsed): """更新交通灯状态""" self.current_phase_time += time_elapsed # 检查是否需要切换相位 if self.current_phase_time > self.cycle_duration: self.current_phase_time = 0 # 确定当前相位 if self.current_phase_time < self.green_duration: # 前一半道路绿灯，后一半道路红灯 for i, road in enumerate(self.roads): self.traffic_lights[road.id] = "green" if i < len(self.roads)//2 else "red" elif self.current_phase_time < self.green_duration + self.yellow_duration: # 黄灯阶段 for i, road in enumerate(self.roads): self.traffic_lights[road.id] = "yellow" if i < len(self.roads)//2 else "red" else: # 后一半道路绿灯，前一半道路红灯 for i, road in enumerate(self.roads): self.traffic_lights[road.id] = "green" if i >= len(self.roads)//2 else "red" class Vehicle: """表示车辆的Agent类""" def __init__(self, id, start_node, end_node, network): self.id = id self.network = network self.path = self.find_path(start_node, end_node) self.current_road_idx = 0 self.current_road = self.path[0] if self.path else None self.direction = self.get_direction() self.lane_idx = 0 self.position = 0 # 在道路上的位置（米） self.speed = 0 # 当前速度（km/h） self.max_speed = random.uniform(40, 60) # 车辆最大速度（km/h） self.acceleration = 2 # 加速度（m/s²） self.deceleration = 4 # 减速度（m/s²） self.wait_time = 0 # 累计等待时间 self.total_time = 0 # 总行驶时间 self.distance_traveled = 0 # 总行驶距离 # 添加到起始道路 if self.current_road: self.lane_idx = self.current_road.add_vehicle(self, self.direction) def get_direction(self): """确定车辆在当前道路上的行驶方向""" if not self.current_road: return None # 修复：直接比较节点对象 if self.current_road.start_node == self.path[self.current_road_idx].start_node: return "forward" else: return "backward" def find_path(self, start_node, end_node): """使用A*算法寻找从起点到终点的最短路径""" # 这里简化实现，实际应用中应使用更复杂的路径规划算法 # 获取所有道路 all_roads = [road for road in self.network.roads] # 随机选择一条路径（简化版，实际应使用A*） path = random.sample(all_roads, min(5, len(all_roads))) return path def move(self, time_elapsed, simulation_time): """根据交通规则更新车辆位置""" if not self.current_road: return False # 车辆已到达目的地 self.total_time += time_elapsed # 获取当前道路信息 road = self.current_road max_speed = min(self.max_speed, road.speed_limit) # 检查前方车辆 front_vehicle = None front_distance = float('inf') # 获取当前车道 if self.direction == "forward": lane = road.forward_lanes[self.lane_idx] else: lane = road.backward_lanes[self.lane_idx] # 查找前方车辆 found_self = False for vehicle in lane: if vehicle == self: found_self = True elif found_self: front_vehicle = vehicle front_distance = vehicle.position - self.position break # 检查是否接近交叉口 intersection = None intersection_distance = road.length - self.position # 如果接近交叉口，检查交通灯 if intersection_distance < 50: # 50米内视为接近交叉口 # 查找连接的道路的交叉口 for node in self.network.nodes: if isinstance(node, Intersection): if road in node.roads: intersection = node break # 根据交通状况调整速度 if intersection and intersection_distance < 30: # 接近交叉口，检查交通灯 light_state = intersection.traffic_lights.get(road.id, "red") if light_state == "red" or light_state == "yellow": # 红灯或黄灯，需要停车 safe_distance = max(5, self.speed * 1000/3600 * 1.5) # 安全距离（米） if intersection_distance < safe_distance: # 在交叉口前停车 self.speed = 0 self.wait_time += time_elapsed return True else: # 减速到停车 deceleration_needed = (self.speed * 1000/3600)**2 / (2 * intersection_distance) self.speed = max(0, self.speed - deceleration_needed * 3.6 * time_elapsed) return True # 检查前方车辆 if front_vehicle and front_distance < 20: # 20米内视为跟车 # 计算安全距离（2秒规则） safe_distance = max(5, self.speed * 1000/3600 * 2) if front_distance < safe_distance: # 太接近前车，减速 self.speed = max(0, self.speed - self.deceleration * 3.6 * time_elapsed) return True # 自由行驶，加速到最大速度 if self.speed < max_speed: self.speed = min(max_speed, self.speed + self.acceleration * 3.6 * time_elapsed) # 更新位置 distance_moved = self.speed * 1000/3600 * time_elapsed # 转换为米 self.position += distance_moved self.distance_traveled += distance_moved # 检查是否到达道路尽头 if self.position >= road.length: # 移动到下一条道路 self.position = 0 self.current_road.remove_vehicle(self, self.direction, self.lane_idx) self.current_road_idx += 1 if self.current_road_idx < len(self.path): self.current_road = self.path[self.current_road_idx] self.direction = self.get_direction() self.lane_idx = self.current_road.add_vehicle(self, self.direction) else: self.current_road = None return False # 到达目的地 return True class RoadNetwork: """表示整个道路网络的类""" def __init__(self): self.nodes = [] # 所有节点（交叉口或端点） self.roads = [] # 所有道路 self.vehicles = [] # 所有车辆 self.intersections = [] # 所有交叉口 self.time = 0 # 当前模拟时间 def add_node(self, node): """添加节点到网络""" self.nodes.append(node) if isinstance(node, Intersection): self.intersections.append(node) def add_road(self, road): """添加道路到网络""" self.roads.append(road) def add_vehicle(self, vehicle): """添加车辆到网络""" self.vehicles.append(vehicle) def generate_grid_network(self, width=3, height=3, road_length=200): """生成网格状道路网络""" # 创建交叉口节点 intersections = [] for i in range(height): for j in range(width): x = j * road_length y = i * road_length intersection = Intersection(f"i_{i}_{j}", x, y) self.add_node(intersection) intersections.append(intersection) # 创建水平道路 road_id = 0 for i in range(height): for j in range(width - 1): start = intersections[i * width + j] end = intersections[i * width + j + 1] road = Road(f"r_{road_id}", start, end, road_length, lanes=1, is_two_way=True) self.add_road(road) start.add_road(road) end.add_road(road) road_id += 1 # 创建垂直道路 for i in range(height - 1): for j in range(width): start = intersections[i * width + j] end = intersections[(i+1) * width + j] road = Road(f"r_{road_id}", start, end, road_length, lanes=1, is_two_way=True) self.add_road(road) start.add_road(road) end.add_road(road) road_id += 1 def update(self, time_elapsed): """更新整个道路网络状态""" self.time += time_elapsed # 更新所有交叉口的交通灯 for intersection in self.intersections: intersection.update(time_elapsed) # 更新所有车辆 active_vehicles = [] for vehicle in self.vehicles: if vehicle.move(time_elapsed, self.time): active_vehicles.append(vehicle) self.vehicles = active_vehicles def get_traffic_metrics(self): """获取交通指标""" metrics = { "total_vehicles": len(self.vehicles), "avg_speed": 0, "total_wait_time": 0, "avg_wait_time": 0, "total_distance": 0, "congestion_level": 0 } total_speed = 0 total_wait_time = 0 total_distance = 0 congestion_count = 0 for vehicle in self.vehicles: total_speed += vehicle.speed total_wait_time += vehicle.wait_time total_distance += vehicle.distance_traveled if self.vehicles: metrics["avg_speed"] = total_speed / len(self.vehicles) metrics["total_wait_time"] = total_wait_time metrics["avg_wait_time"] = total_wait_time / len(self.vehicles) metrics["total_distance"] = total_distance # 计算拥堵级别（基于道路占用率） for road in self.roads: for i in range(road.lanes): occupancy = road.get_lane_occupancy("forward", i) if occupancy > 0.7: # 占用率超过70%视为拥堵 congestion_count += 1 if road.is_two_way: occupancy = road.get_lane_occupancy("backward", i) if occupancy > 0.7: congestion_count += 1 total_lanes = sum([road.lanes * (2 if road.is_two_way else 1) for road in self.roads]) metrics["congestion_level"] = congestion_count / total_lanes if total_lanes > 0 else 0 return metrics class Simulation: """交通模拟器""" def __init__(self, network): self.network = network self.metrics_history = [] self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10)) self.animation = None def run(self, duration, time_step=1, vehicle_spawn_rate=0.1): """运行模拟""" num_steps = int(duration / time_step) for step in range(num_steps): # 随机生成新车辆 if random.random() < vehicle_spawn_rate: start_node = random.choice(self.network.nodes) end_node = random.choice(self.network.nodes) while end_node == start_node: end_node = random.choice(self.network.nodes) vehicle = Vehicle(f"v_{len(self.network.vehicles)}", start_node, end_node, self.network) self.network.add_vehicle(vehicle) # 更新网络 self.network.update(time_step) # 记录指标 metrics = self.network.get_traffic_metrics() self.metrics_history.append(metrics) # 打印进度 if step % 10 == 0: print(f"Time: {self.network.time:.1f}s, Vehicles: {metrics['total_vehicles']}, " + f"Avg Speed: {metrics['avg_speed']:.1f}km/h, " + f"Congestion: {metrics['congestion_level']*100:.1f}%") def visualize(self): """可视化道路网络和交通流""" self.ax.clear() # 绘制道路 for road in self.network.roads: start_x, start_y = road.start_node.x, road.start_node.y end_x, end_y = road.end_node.x, road.end_node.y # 绘制道路中心线 self.ax.plot([start_x, end_x], [start_y, end_y], 'k-', lw=2, alpha=0.3) # 计算道路方向向量 dx = end_x - start_x dy = end_y - start_y length = np.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2) if length == 0: continue ux = dx / length uy = dy / length # 绘制车道（双向道路绘制两条平行线） lane_offset = 3 # 车道偏移量 if road.is_two_way: