要使用 Python 实现 3D 烟花展示，可以借助 `pygame` 和 `numpy` 库。`pygame` 用于创建窗口和渲染图形，`numpy` 用于处理 3D 向量和矩阵运算。以下是一个示例代码： ```python import pygame import numpy as np import random # 初始化 Pygame pygame.init() # 设置窗口尺寸 width, height = 800, 600 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height)) pygame.display.set_caption("3D Fireworks") # 定义颜色 BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # 定义烟花粒子类 class Particle: def __init__(self, position, velocity, color): self.position = np.array(position, dtype=float) self.velocity = np.array(velocity, dtype=float) self.color = color self.lifetime = random.randint(30, 60) def update(self): self.position += self.velocity self.velocity[1] += 0.1 self.lifetime -= 1 def draw(self): x, y = int(self.position[0]), int(self.position[1]) if 0 <= x < width and 0 <= y < height: screen.set_at((x, y), self.color) # 定义烟花类 class Firework: def __init__(self): self.launch_position = [random.randint(0, width), height] self.launch_velocity = [0, random.randint(-15, -10)] self.exploded = False self.particles = [] def update(self): if not self.exploded: self.launch_position[0] += self.launch_velocity[0] self.launch_position[1] += self.launch_velocity[1] self.launch_velocity[1] += 0.1 if self.launch_velocity[1] >= 0: self.explode() else: for particle in self.particles[:]: particle.update() if particle.lifetime <= 0: self.particles.remove(particle) def explode(self): self.exploded = True color = (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)) for _ in range(100): angle = random.uniform(0, 2 * np.pi) speed = random.uniform(1, 5) velocity = [speed * np.cos(angle), speed * np.sin(angle)] particle = Particle(self.launch_position.copy(), velocity, color) self.particles.append(particle) def draw(self): if not self.exploded: pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 255, 255), (int(self.launch_position[0]), int(self.launch_position[1])), 2) else: for particle in self.particles: particle.draw() # 创建烟花列表 fireworks = [] # 主循环 clock = pygame.time.Clock() running = True while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False screen.fill(BLACK) # 随机创建新烟花 if random.random() < 0.02: fireworks.append(Firework()) # 更新和绘制所有烟花 for firework in fireworks[:]: firework.update() firework.draw() if firework.exploded and len(firework.particles) == 0: fireworks.remove(firework) pygame.display.flip() clock.tick(60) # 退出 Pygame pygame.quit() ``` ### 代码解释 1. **初始化部分**：初始化 `pygame` 并设置窗口尺寸，定义颜色和必要的类。 2. **`Particle` 类**：表示烟花爆炸后的粒子，包含位置、速度、颜色和生命周期等属性，有更新和绘制方法。 3. **`Firework` 类**：表示烟花，包含发射位置、发射速度、是否爆炸和粒子列表等属性，有更新、爆炸和绘制方法。 4. **主循环**：处理事件，随机创建新烟花，更新和绘制所有烟花，控制帧率。 ###