### 简单车次管理及车票预订系统的Python实现 以下是一个适合初学者学习的车次管理系统和车票预订系统的Python实现，包含增删改查功能。 #### 1. 数据结构设计 使用字典和列表来模拟数据库操作。每个车次用一个字典表示，所有车次存储在一个列表中。 ```python # 初始化车次数据 trains = [] ``` #### 2. 增加车次功能 允许管理员添加新的车次信息。 ```python def add_train(train_id, start_station, end_station, departure_time, price): train = { "train_id": train_id, "start_station": start_station, "end_station": end_station, "departure_time": departure_time, "price": price, "available_tickets": 100 # 假设每列车有100张票 } trains.append(train) ``` #### 3. 删除车次功能 允许管理员删除指定车次信息。 ```python def delete_train(train_id): global trains trains = [train for train in trains if train["train_id"] != train_id] ``` #### 4. 修改车次功能 允许管理员修改现有车次信息。 ```python def update_train(train_id, **kwargs): for train in trains: if train["train_id"] == train_id: for key, value in kwargs.items(): if key in train: train[key] = value break ``` #### 5. 查询车次功能 允许用户或管理员查询车次信息。 ```python def query_trains(): return trains ``` #### 6. 车票预订功能 用户可以选择车次并预订车票。 ```python def book_ticket(train_id, ticket_count): for train in trains: if train["train_id"] == train_id: if train["available_tickets"] >= ticket_count: train["available_tickets"] -= ticket_count return f"成功预订 {ticket_count} 张票" else: return "余票不足" return "车次不存在" ``` #### 7. 示例使用 以下是一个简单的示例，展示如何使用上述功能。 ```python # 添加车次 add_train("T123", "北京", "上海", "2023-11-01 08:00:00", 500) add_train("T456", "上海", "广州", "2023-11-02 10:00:00", 800) # 查询所有车次 print(query_trains()) # 预订车票 print(book_ticket("T123", 2)) # 再次查询车次 print(query_trains()) # 修改车次 update_train("T123", price=450) # 再次查询车次 print(query_trains()) # 删除车次 delete_train("T456") # 再次查询车次 print(query_trains()) ``` #### 输出结果 ```plaintext [{'train_id': 'T123', 'start_station': '北京', 'end_station': '上海', 'departure_time': '2023-11-01 08:00:00', 'price': 500, 'available_tickets': 100}, {'train_id': 'T456', 'start_station': '上海', 'end_station': '广州', 'departure_time': '2023-11-02 10:00:00', 'price': 800, 'available_tickets': 100}] 成功预订 2 张票 [{'train_id': 'T123', 'start_station': '北京', 'end_station': '上海', 'departure_time': '2023-11-01 08:00:00', 'price': 500, 'available_tickets': 98}, {'train_id': 'T456', 'start_station': '上海', 'end_station': '广州', 'departure_time': '2023-11-02 10:00:00', 'price': 800, 'available_tickets': 100}] [{'train_id': 'T123', 'start_station': '北京', 'end_station': '上海', 'departure_time': '2023-11-01 08:00:00', 'price': 450, 'available_tickets': 98}, {'train_id': 'T456', 'start_station': '上海', 'end_station': '广州', 'departure_time': '2023-11-02 10:00:00', 'price': 800, 'available_tickets': 100}] [{'train_id': 'T123', 'start_station': '北京', 'end_station': '上海', 'departure_time': '2023-11-01 08:00:00', 'price': 450, 'available_tickets': 98}] ``` ####