Jenkins Pipeline 使用 Groovy 作为其脚本语言，支持声明式（Declarative）和脚本式（Scripted）两种语法风格。以下是对 **Groovy 在 Jenkins Pipeline 中的常见语法和结构** 的解释： --- ### 1. **Pipeline 基本结构** #### 声明式 Pipeline（推荐使用） ```groovy pipeline { agent any stages { stage('Build') { steps { echo 'Building...' } } stage('Test') { steps { echo 'Testing...' } } stage('Deploy') { steps { echo 'Deploying...' } } } } ``` #### 脚本式 Pipeline（基于 Groovy 脚本） ```groovy node('any') { stage('Build') { echo 'Building...' } stage('Test') { echo 'Testing...' } stage('Deploy') { echo 'Deploying...' } } ``` --- ### 2. **Groovy 基本语法** #### 变量定义与使用 ```groovy def name = "Jenkins" echo "Hello, ${name}" ``` #### 条件判断（if/else） ```groovy if (name == "Jenkins") { echo "It's Jenkins!" } else { echo "It's something else." } ``` #### 循环结构（for） ```groovy for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { echo "Looping: ${i}" } ``` #### 方法定义 ```groovy def greet(String name) { echo "Hello, ${name}" } greet("World") ``` --- ### 3. **Jenkins Pipeline 特有语法** #### agent 指定 Pipeline 或 stage 在哪个 agent 上运行： ```groovy agent any // 或 agent { label 'my-agent-label' } ``` #### stages / stage 定义多个阶段： ```groovy stages { stage('Build') { steps { echo 'Building...' } } } ``` #### steps 在 stage 中执行具体操作： ```groovy steps { sh 'make' echo "Build completed." } ``` #### script 在声明式 Pipeline 中嵌入 Groovy 脚本逻辑： ```groovy steps { script { def version = "1.0" echo "Version: ${version}" } } ``` --- ### 4. **环境变量使用** ```groovy echo "Job name: ${env.JOB_NAME}" echo "Build number: ${env.BUILD_NUMBER}" ``` --- ### 5. **异常处理（try/catch）** ```groovy try { sh 'exit 1' } catch (Exception e) { echo "An error occurred: ${e}" currentBuild.result = 'FAILURE' throw e } ``` --- ### 6. **邮件通知** 使用 `emailext` 插件发送构建通知： ```groovy post { success { emailext( subject: 'Build Success: ${JOB_NAME}', body: 'Check console output at ${BUILD_URL}console', recipientProviders: [[$class: 'DevelopersRecipientProvider']] ) } failure { emailext( subject: 'Build Failed: ${JOB_NAME}', body: 'Error: ${JOB_NAME} failed. See ${BUILD_URL}console', recipientProviders: [[$class: 'DevelopersRecipientProvider']] ) } } ``` --- ### 7. **Groovy 集合操作** #### 列表（List） ```groovy def fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'] echo "First fruit: ${fruits[0]}" ``` #### 遍历列表 ```groovy fruits.each { fruit -> echo "Fruit: ${fruit}" } ``` #### 映射（Map） ```groovy def person = [name: 'John', age: 30] echo "Name: ${person.name}" ``` --- ### 示例：完整 Groovy Pipeline 脚本 ```groovy pipeline { agent any environment { PROJECT = 'my-project' BRANCH = 'main' } stages { stage('Clone') { steps { git branch: "${BRANCH}", url: "https://github.com/example/${PROJECT}.git" } } stage('Build') { steps { script { echo "Building project: ${PROJECT}" sh 'make' } } } stage('Test') { steps { echo 'Running tests...' sh 'make test' } } } post { success { echo 'Build succeeded!' } failure { echo 'Build failed!' } } } ``` --- ###