以下是为 Windows 系统下的 Python 环境设计的 10 个异或运算相关的练习题，结合了 Python 编程语言的语法特点以及异或运算的典型应用场景。 ### 3.1 交换两个变量的值，不使用临时变量 ```python a = 5 b = 10 a ^= b b ^= a a ^= b print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}") ``` ### 3.2 判断一个数是否为2的幂 ```python def is_power_of_two(n): return n > 0 and (n & (n - 1)) == 0 print(is_power_of_two(16)) ``` ### 3.3 找出数组中唯一一个没有重复的数字 ```python def find_unique(nums): result = 0 for num in nums: result ^= num return result nums = [4, 5, 6, 7, 4, 5, 6] print(find_unique(nums)) ``` ### 3.4 找出数组中两个唯一没有重复的数字 ```python def find_two_unique(nums): xor_all = 0 for num in nums: xor_all ^= num right_most_set_bit = xor_all & -xor_all x, y = 0, 0 for num in nums: if num & right_most_set_bit: x ^= num else: y ^= num return x, y nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] print(find_two_unique(nums)) ``` ### 3.5 检查两个整数是否具有相同的符号 ```python def same_sign(a, b): return (a ^ b) >= 0 print(same_sign(-5, 10)) ``` ### 3.6 实现一个简单的加密和解密算法 ```python def xor_encrypt_decrypt(text, key): return ''.join(chr(ord(c) ^ key) for c in text) message = "Hello World" key = 0xAB encrypted = xor_encrypt_decrypt(message, key) decrypted = xor_encrypt_decrypt(encrypted, key) print(f"Encrypted: {encrypted}") print(f"Decrypted: {decrypted}") ``` ### 3.7 找出两个整数之间的不同位数 ```python def count_diff_bits(a, b): xor = a ^ b count = 0 while xor: xor &= xor - 1 count += 1 return count print(count_diff_bits(0b10101011, 0b10010010)) ``` ### 3.8 实现一个简单的校验和算法 ```python def calculate_checksum(data): checksum = 0 for num in data: checksum ^= num return checksum data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] print(calculate_checksum(data)) ``` ### 3.9 找出一个数组中重复的数字 ```python def find_duplicate(nums): n = len(nums) xor = 0 for i in range(1, n): xor ^= i for num in nums: xor ^= num return xor nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 5] print(find_duplicate(nums)) ``` ### 3.10 实现一个简单的位掩码操作 ```python mask = 0b00001111 value = 0b10101011 result = value ^ mask print(bin(result)) ```