### Python 实现请假功能或辅导员请假逻辑 以下是基于 Python 和 Django 框架的一个简单示例，用于实现学生的请假功能以及辅导员的审批逻辑。此代码展示了如何创建模型、视图和路由来处理请假请求。 #### 数据库模型设计 首先，在 `models.py` 中定义数据表结构： ```python from django.db import models class Student(models.Model): student_id = models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=100) grade = models.CharField(max_length=50) class LeaveRequest(models.Model): LEAVE_TYPES = [ ('SICK', '病假'), ('PERSONAL', '事假'), ('OTHER', '其他') ] STATUS_CHOICES = [ ('PENDING', '待审核'), ('APPROVED', '已批准'), ('REJECTED', '已拒绝') ] student = models.ForeignKey(Student, on_delete=models.CASCADE) leave_type = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=LEAVE_TYPES) reason = models.TextField() start_date = models.DateField() end_date = models.DateField() status = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='PENDING') def __str__(self): return f"{self.student.name} - {self.leave_type}" ``` #### 创建视图函数 在 `views.py` 文件中编写业务逻辑： ```python from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404 from .models import LeaveRequest, Student from datetime import date def submit_leave_request(request): if request.method == "POST": student_id = request.POST.get('student_id') leave_type = request.POST.get('leave_type') reason = request.POST.get('reason') start_date_str = request.POST.get('start_date') end_date_str = request.POST.get('end_date') try: student = Student.objects.get(student_id=student_id) start_date = date.fromisoformat(start_date_str) end_date = date.fromisoformat(end_date_str) LeaveRequest.objects.create( student=student, leave_type=leave_type, reason=reason, start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date ) return redirect('success_page') # 跳转至成功页面 except Exception as e: context = {'error': str(e)} return render(request, 'submit_error.html', context) return render(request, 'submit_form.html') def approve_leave_request(request, pk): leave_request = get_object_or_404(LeaveRequest, pk=pk) if leave_request.status != 'PENDING': raise ValueError("Only pending requests can be approved or rejected.") if request.method == "POST": action = request.POST.get('action') if action == 'approve': leave_request.status = 'APPROVED' elif action == 'reject': leave_request.status = 'REJECTED' leave_request.save() return redirect('list_requests') # 返回列表页 def list_pending_requests(request): pending_requests = LeaveRequest.objects.filter(status='PENDING') return render(request, 'pending_list.html', {'requests': pending_requests}) ``` #### URL 配置 在 `urls.py` 文件中配置路径映射： ```python from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('submit/', views.submit_leave_request, name='submit_leave'), path('approve/<int:pk>/', views.approve_leave_request, name='approve_leave'), path('list-pending/', views.list_pending_requests, name='list_requests'), ] ``` --- ### 关键说明 上述代码实现了以下核心功能： 1. **学生提交请假申请**：通过前端表单收集必要信息并存储到数据库中[^1]。 2. **辅导员审批逻辑**：辅导员可以查看所有未处理的请假记录，并对其进行批准或拒绝操作[^2]。 3. **动态更新状态**：每次审批后会实时更改对应的请假状态字段（如 PENDING -> APPROVED/REJECTED）[^3]。 如果需要扩展功能，比如增加教务处二次确认机制，则可以通过引入额外的状态流转条件或者新增一层审批层来满足需求[^4]。 --- ###