### 使用Django实现电影院在线选座购票系统 #### 创建项目结构 首先，创建一个新的 Django 项目并配置必要的应用程序。这可以通过命令行完成： ```bash django-admin startproject cinema_booking_system cd cinema_booking_system python manage.py startapp booking ``` #### 定义模型 定义用于表示电影、放映时间表以及座位预订的核心数据模型。 ```python from django.db import models class Movie(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) genre = models.CharField(max_length=100) year = models.IntegerField() description = models.TextField() def __str__(self): return self.title class Screening(models.Model): movie = models.ForeignKey(Movie, on_delete=models.CASCADE) date_time = models.DateTimeField() class Seat(models.Model): row = models.CharField(max_length=1) number = models.PositiveIntegerField() screening = models.ForeignKey(Screening, related_name='seats', on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Booking(models.Model): seat = models.OneToOneField(Seat, on_delete=models.CASCADE) booked_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) class Meta: ordering = ['-booked_at'] ``` 这些类分别代表了 `Movie` (电影), `Screening`(放映安排)，`Seat` (座位) 和 `Booking` (预定)[^1]。 #### 设置视图函数 编写处理HTTP请求并将响应返回给客户端的应用逻辑部分——即视图(Views): ```python from rest_framework.views import APIView from .models import Movie, Screening, Seat, Booking from rest_framework.response import Response from datetime import datetime class AvailableSeatsAPIView(APIView): """获取特定场次可用的座位列表""" def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): try: screening_id = kwargs.get('screening_id') screening = Screening.objects.prefetch_related('seats').get(id=screening_id) available_seats = [ {"row": s.row, "number": s.number} for s in screening.seats.all() if not hasattr(s, 'booking') ] data = { 'movie': str(screening.movie), 'date_time': screening.date_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"), 'available_seats': available_seats, } return Response(data=data) except Exception as e: raise ValueError(f'Error fetching seats: {e}') ``` 这段代码展示了如何通过API端点提供某一场次下的所有可预订座位的信息[^2]。 #### 配置URL路由 为了让Web服务器知道哪些路径对应于上述视图方法，需编辑项目的urls.py文件: ```python from django.urls import path from .views import AvailableSeatsAPIView urlpatterns = [ ... path('api/screenings/<int:screening_id>/seats/', AvailableSeatsAPIView.as_view(), name="available-seats-api"), ] ``` 以上就是使用Django框架搭建一个简单的电影院在线选座订票系统的概览介绍[^3]。