### 使用 PyCharm 创建视频分析 Web 应用程序 #### 项目结构设置 为了构建一个能够处理视频上传、显示处理结果并收集用户反馈的应用，首先需要配置 Django 项目的文件和目录结构。确保每个应用程序的 `templates` 文件夹内的 HTML 文件命名唯一[^5]。 ```bash my_video_app/ ├── manage.py ├── my_video_app/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── settings.py │ ├── urls.py │ └── wsgi.py └── video_analysis/ ├── migrations/ ├── static/ │ └── css/ ├── templates/ │ └── video_analysis/ ├── views.py ├── models.py ├── forms.py └── admin.py ``` #### 数据库模型定义 在 `models.py` 中定义用于存储视频元数据以及用户评论的数据表： ```python from django.db import models class Video(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) file_path = models.FileField(upload_to='videos/') def __str__(self): return self.title class Feedback(models.Model): video = models.ForeignKey(Video, on_delete=models.CASCADE) comment = models.TextField() rating = models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return f'{self.video} - {self.rating}' ``` #### 表单设计 创建 `forms.py` 来管理前端提交的内容，特别是对于防止XSS攻击特别重要的是要对用户的输入做适当转义[^1]: ```python from django import forms from .models import Video, Feedback class UploadForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Video fields = ['title', 'file_path'] class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Feedback exclude = ('video',) ``` #### 视图逻辑实现 编辑 `views.py` 实现业务流程控制，包括视频上传接口、展示已上传列表及其对应的评分情况等功能模块: ```python import os from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from .models import Video, Feedback from .forms import UploadForm, CommentForm def index(request): videos = Video.objects.all().order_by('-id') context = {'videos': videos} return render(request, 'video_analysis/index.html', context) def upload(request): if request.method == "POST": form = UploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): new_file = form.save(commit=False) ext = os.path.splitext(new_file.file_path.name)[1] valid_extensions = ['.mp4', '.avi'] if not ext.lower() in valid_extensions: error_msg = "Unsupported format." return render( request, 'video_analysis/upload.html', {"form": form, "error_message": error_msg}) new_file.save() return redirect('index') else: form = UploadForm() return render(request, 'video_analysis/upload.html', {'form': form}) def detail(request, pk): try: vid = Video.objects.get(pk=pk) comments = Feedback.objects.filter(video_id=pk).all() if request.method == "POST": c_form = CommentForm(data=request.POST) if c_form.is_valid(): feedback = c_form.save(commit=False) feedback.video = vid feedback.save() # Redirect after POST to prevent data from being posted twice. return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('detail', args=(vid.id,))) else: c_form = CommentForm() return render( request, 'video_analysis/detail.html', { 'video': vid, 'comments': comments, 'comment_form': c_form } ) except Exception as e: raise Http404(e) ``` #### URL 路由映射 更新 `urls.py` 将上述视图函数绑定到具体的URL路径上： ```python from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.index, name="index"), path('upload/', views.upload, name="upload"), path('<int:pk>/', views.detail, name="detail"), ] ``` #### 模板渲染 最后，在相应的HTML模板(`index.html`, `upload.html`, 和 `detail.html`)中完成页面布局与交互元素的设计工作。注意使用 `{% csrf_token %}` 防止跨站请求伪造(CSRF)，并对所有来自客户端的数据进行验证和清理以保障安全性。