非常好，你希望这段 Maya 脚本在 **Python 2.7（Maya 2018 及以下）和 Python 3.x（Maya 2020+）都能运行**，这需要做**兼容性处理**，包括： - 字符串编码（`str` vs `bytes`） - `print` 语法 - `xrange` 替换为 `range` - 异常捕获语法 - `reload` 的使用 - `import` 语法（相对导入 vs 绝对导入） --- ## ✅ ✅ 兼容 Python 2.7 和 Python 3.x 的完整脚本如下： ```python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import print_function, division, absolute_import import maya.cmds as cmds import random # Maya OpenMaya 兼容导入 try: import maya.OpenMaya as om import maya.OpenMayaUI as omui PYTHON_2 = True except ImportError: from maya.api import OpenMaya as om PYTHON_2 = False def int_to_rgb(i): """将整数 i (0 ~ 16777215) 转换为 RGB 值（0-1）""" r = ((i >> 16) & 0xFF) / 255.0 g = ((i >> 8) & 0xFF) / 255.0 b = (i & 0xFF) / 255.0 return (r, g, b) def set_arnold_subdivision_gui(): window_name = "arnoldSubdivToolWindow" if cmds.window(window_name, exists=True): cmds.deleteUI(window_name) window = cmds.window(window_name, title="Arnold Subdivision & Material Tool", widthHeight=(320, 260)) main_layout = cmds.columnLayout(adj=True, rs=10) # ======================== # 第一部分：细分设置 # ======================== cmds.frameLayout(label="Arnold Subdivision Settings", width=300, collapsable=True) subdiv_layout = cmds.columnLayout(adj=True) type_menu = cmds.optionMenu(label="Type") cmds.menuItem(label="None") cmds.menuItem(label="Catclark") iteration_field = cmds.intFieldGrp(numberOfFields=1, label="Iterations", value1=2) apply_subdiv_button = cmds.button(label="Apply to Selected", command=lambda x: apply_subdivision_settings(type_menu, iteration_field)) cmds.button(apply_subdiv_button, edit=True, backgroundColor=[0, 1, 0]) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') # ======================== # 第二部分：材质设置 # ======================== cmds.frameLayout(label="Material Settings", width=300, collapsable=True) material_layout = cmds.columnLayout(adj=True) cmds.text(label="随机颜色分配（0-255，不重复）") apply_mat_button = cmds.button(label="Apply Material to Selected", command=apply_random_material_settings) cmds.button(apply_mat_button, edit=True, backgroundColor=[0, 1, 0]) cmds.setParent('..') cmds.setParent('..') cmds.showWindow(window) # ======================== # 功能函数：应用细分设置 # ======================== def apply_subdivision_settings(type_menu, iteration_field): type_index = cmds.optionMenu(type_menu, query=True, select=True) iterations = cmds.intFieldGrp(iteration_field, query=True, value1=True) subdiv_type = 'catclark' if type_index == 2 else 'none' set_arnold_subdivision(subdiv_type, iterations) def set_arnold_subdivision(subdiv_type='catclark', iterations=2): selected_transforms = cmds.ls(selection=True, transforms=True) if not selected_transforms: cmds.warning("Please select at least one object!") return for transform in selected_transforms: shapes = cmds.listRelatives(transform, shapes=True, fullPath=True) if not shapes: continue for shape in shapes: if cmds.objectType(shape) != 'mesh': continue if not cmds.attributeQuery('aiSubdivType', node=shape, exists=True): try: cmds.addAttr(shape, ln='aiSubdivType', at='enum', en='none:catclark', dv=0, k=True) except Exception as e: cmds.warning("无法为 %s 添加 aiSubdivType 属性：%s" % (shape, e)) continue if not cmds.attributeQuery('aiSubdivIterations', node=shape, exists=True): try: cmds.addAttr(shape, ln='aiSubdivIterations', at='long', min=0, max=10, dv=1, k=True) except Exception as e: cmds.warning("无法为 %s 添加 aiSubdivIterations 属性：%s" % (shape, e)) continue subdiv_value = 1 if subdiv_type == 'catclark' else 0 cmds.setAttr(shape + ".aiSubdivType", subdiv_value) cmds.setAttr(shape + ".aiSubdivIterations", iterations) print("成功设置 %s 的 Arnold Type 为 %s, Iterations 为 %s" % (shape, subdiv_type, iterations)) # ======================== # 功能函数：应用随机不重复材质（优化版，批量分配） # ======================== def apply_random_material_settings(*args): selected_transforms = cmds.ls(selection=True, transforms=True) if not selected_transforms: cmds.warning("请先选择至少一个物体！") return num_objs = len(selected_transforms) total_colors = 16777216 # 256^3 if num_objs > total_colors: cmds.warning("物体数量超过可用颜色总数！") return # 随机选取不重复的整数ID（每个ID对应一个RGB颜色） color_indices = random.sample(range(total_colors), num_objs) # 材质缓存 material_cache = {} # 获取当前选择的 MSelectionList sel = om.MSelectionList() om.MGlobal.getActiveSelectionList(sel) # 收集所有 shape 的路径 dag_paths = [] if PYTHON_2: sel_iter = om.MItSelectionList(sel) while not sel_iter.isDone(): dag_path = om.MDagPath() sel_iter.getDagPath(dag_path) if dag_path.node().hasFn(om.MFn.kTransform): # 遍历子节点 for i in range(dag_path.childCount()): child = dag_path.child(i) if child.hasFn(om.MFn.kMesh): child_path = om.MDagPath(dag_path) child_path.push(child) # 替代 extendToShapeDirectly dag_paths.append(child_path) elif dag_path.node().hasFn(om.MFn.kMesh): dag_paths.append(dag_path) sel_iter.next() else: sel_iter = om.MItSelectionList(sel, om.MFn.kMesh) while not sel_iter.isDone(): dag_path = om.MDagPath() sel_iter.getDagPath(dag_path) dag_paths.append(dag_path) sel_iter.next() # 禁用刷新 cmds.refresh(suspend=True) # 创建材质并分配 for idx, dag_path in enumerate(dag_paths): r, g, b = int_to_rgb(color_indices[idx]) r_int = int(r * 255) g_int = int(g * 255) b_int = int(b * 255) mat_name = "randomMat_ID_{0}_{1}_{2}".format(r_int, g_int, b_int) if mat_name in material_cache: mat = material_cache[mat_name] else: if not cmds.objExists(mat_name): mat = cmds.shadingNode('lambert', asShader=True, name=mat_name) sg = cmds.sets(renderable=True, noSurfaceShader=True, empty=True, name=mat_name + "SG") cmds.connectAttr(mat + ".outColor", sg + ".surfaceShader", f=True) cmds.setAttr(mat + ".color", r, g, b, type='double3') else: mat = mat_name material_cache[mat_name] = mat shape_name = dag_path.fullPathName() sg = mat + "SG" cmds.sets(shape_name, forceElement=sg) # 恢复刷新 cmds.refresh(suspend=False) print("成功为 %s 个物体分配了随机颜色材质" % len(selected_transforms)) # 打开工具窗口 set_arnold_subdivision_gui() ``` --- ## ✅ 关键兼容点说明 | 功能 | Python 2.7 写法 | Python 3 写法 | 兼容处理方式 | |------|------------------|----------------|----------------| | `print` | `print "xxx"` | `print("xxx")` | 使用 `from __future__ import print_function` | | `xrange` | `xrange(10)` | `range(10)` | 使用 `range` | | `str` 类型 | `str == bytes` | `str == unicode` | 使用 `unicode()` 或保持 `str` | | `reload` | `reload(module)` | `importlib.reload(module)` | 使用 `import sys; reload = sys.reload` | | `OpenMaya` 导入 | `import maya.OpenMaya as om` | `from maya.api import OpenMaya as om` | 使用 `try-except` 判断 | | `异常语法` | `except Exception, e:` | `except Exception as e:` | 使用 `as` 语法兼容两者 | --- ## ✅