以下是一个简单的学校选课管理系统的实现，使用Python编写。系统包含三个主要角色：老师、学生和管理员。每个角色都有特定的功能。 ```python class Course: def __init__(self, course_id, name, max_students): self.course_id = course_id self.name = name self.max_students = max_students self.students = [] def add_student(self, student): if len(self.students) < self.max_students: self.students.append(student) return True return False def __str__(self): return f"Course ID: {self.course_id}, Name: {self.name}, Max Students: {self.max_students}, Enrolled: {len(self.students)}" class Teacher: def __init__(self, teacher_id, name): self.teacher_id = teacher_id self.name = name self.courses = [] def create_course(self, course_id, name, max_students): course = Course(course_id, name, max_students) self.courses.append(course) return course def __str__(self): return f"Teacher ID: {self.teacher_id}, Name: {self.name}" class Student: def __init__(self, student_id, name): self.student_id = student_id self.name = name self.selected_courses = [] def select_course(self, course): if course.add_student(self): self.selected_courses.append(course) return True return False def __str__(self): return f"Student ID: {self.student_id}, Name: {self.name}" class Administrator: def __init__(self): self.teachers = [] self.students = [] self.courses = [] def add_teacher(self, teacher): self.teachers.append(teacher) def add_student(self, student): self.students.append(student) def list_courses(self): for course in self.courses: print(course) def list_teachers(self): for teacher in self.teachers: print(teacher) def list_students(self): for student in self.students: print(student) # 示例用法 admin = Administrator() # 创建教师 teacher1 = Teacher(1, "Mr. Smith") admin.add_teacher(teacher1) # 教师创建课程 course1 = teacher1.create_course(101, "Math", 3) course2 = teacher1.create_course(102, "Science", 2) # 添加课程到管理员的课程列表 admin.courses.extend([course1, course2]) # 创建学生 student1 = Student(201, "Alice") student2 = Student(202, "Bob") student3 = Student(203, "Charlie") student4 = Student(204, "David") # 添加学生到管理员的学生列表 admin.add_student(student1) admin.add_student(student2) admin.add_student(student3) admin.add_student(student4) # 学生选择课程 student1.select_course(course1) student2.select_course(course1) student3.select_course(course1) student4.select_course(course1) # 超过最大人数，无法选择 # 管理员列出所有课程和学生 print("Courses:") admin.list_courses() print("\nStudents:") admin.list_students() ``` ### 解释： 1. **Course 类**：表示一个课程，包括课程ID、名称、最大选课人数以及当前已选课的学生列表。 2. **Teacher 类**：表示一位教师，可以创建课程并设置选课人数限制。 3. **Student 类**：表示一名学生，可以尝试选择课程。如果课程已满，则无法选择。 4. **Administrator 类**：表示学校的管理员，负责管理教师、学生和课程的数据，并提供列出所有课程和学生的功能。 ### 运行结果示例： ``` Courses: Course ID: 101, Name: Math, Max Students: 3, Enrolled: 3 Course ID: 102, Name: Science, Max Students: 2, Enrolled: 0 Students: Student ID: 201, Name: Alice Student ID: 202, Name: Bob Student ID: 203, Name: Charlie Student ID: 204, Name: David ```