要在 Maya 中编写兼容 **Python 2.7** 和 **Python 3.x** 的脚本，我们需要处理以下几个主要差异点： --- ## ✅ 兼容 Python 2.7 和 Python 3 的关键点 | 问题 | Python 2.7 | Python 3.x | 解决方案 | |------|-------------|------------|----------| | `print` 语法 | `print "hello"` | `print("hello")` | 使用 `from __future__ import print_function` | | 字符串编码 | 默认 `str` 是字节串 | 默认 `str` 是 Unicode | 使用 `u""` 表示 Unicode，`str()` 转换 | | 除法运算 | `5 / 2 = 2` | `5 / 2 = 2.5` | 使用 `from __future__ import division` | | `xrange` vs `range` | `xrange` 是迭代器 | `range` 是迭代器 | 使用 `xrange`（在 2.7）或 `range`（3.x） | | `__future__` 导入 | 支持 | 支持 | 用于兼容性 | | `lambda` 函数绑定 | 有 late-binding 问题 | 同上 | 使用默认参数绑定当前值 | --- ## ✅ 示例代码（兼容 Python 2.7 和 Python 3.x） 以下是一个完整的、兼容 Python 2.7 和 Python 3.x 的 Maya GUI 脚本示例： ```python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import print_function, division import maya.cmds as cmds import os # 存储贴图节点信息 texture_node_map = [] def get_texture_nodes_with_color_space_and_name(): textures = cmds.ls(type='file') result = [] for tex in textures: try: cs = cmds.getAttr(tex + '.colorSpace') except: cs = u'未设置' try: path = cmds.getAttr(tex + '.fileTextureName') if path: tex_name = os.path.basename(path) else: tex_name = u'未指定' except: tex_name = u'获取失败' result.append((tex, tex_name, cs)) return result def update_texture_list(ctrl_name): global texture_node_map texture_node_map = [] if cmds.iconTextScrollList(ctrl_name, exists=True): cmds.deleteUI(ctrl_name) textures_with_info = get_texture_nodes_with_color_space_and_name() list_ctrl = cmds.iconTextScrollList(ctrl_name, width=680, height=300, allowMultiSelection=True, parent='textureListLayout') for tex, name, cs in textures_with_info: line = u"{0:<15} {1:^20} {2:>10}".format(tex, name, cs) cmds.iconTextScrollList(list_ctrl, edit=True, append=line) texture_node_map.append(tex) def on_set_color_space(ctrl_name, color_space): selected_indices = cmds.iconTextScrollList(ctrl_name, query=True, selectIndexedItem=True) if not selected_indices: cmds.confirmDialog(title=u'提示', message=u'请先从列表中选择贴图。', button=[u'确定']) return for idx in selected_indices: tex_name = texture_node_map[idx - 1] if tex_name: try: cmds.setAttr(tex_name + '.colorSpace', color_space, type='string') print(u"已将 {0} 设置为 {1} 色彩空间。".format(tex_name, color_space)) except Exception as e: print(u"无法设置 {0} 的色彩空间：{1}".format(tex_name, str(e))) cmds.confirmDialog(title=u'完成', message=u'已修改 {0} 个贴图的色彩空间为 {1}。'.format(len(selected_indices), color_space), button=[u'确定']) update_texture_list(ctrl_name) def set_texture_path_to_file_name_only(): textures = cmds.ls(type='file') modified_count = 0 for tex in textures: try: path = cmds.getAttr(tex + '.fileTextureName') if path and os.path.exists(path): filename = os.path.basename(path) cmds.setAttr(tex + '.fileTextureName', filename, type='string') print("已将 {} 的路径设置为: {}".format(tex, filename)) modified_count += 1 else: print("跳过 {}: 路径无效或文件不存在".format(tex)) except Exception as e: print("无法修改 {}: {}".format(tex, str(e))) if modified_count > 0: cmds.confirmDialog(title="完成", message="已修改 {} 个贴图路径为文件名".format(modified_count), button=["确定"]) else: cmds.confirmDialog(title="提示", message="没有贴图路径被修改", button=["确定"]) def on_window_resize(*args): layout_name = "colorButtonLayout" if not cmds.layout(layout_name, exists=True): return window_name = "CustomTextureColorSpaceTool" if not cmds.window(window_name, exists=True): return window_width = cmds.window(window_name, query=True, width=True) padding = 60 spacing = 10 total_spacing = spacing * 5 button_width = (window_width - padding - total_spacing) / 6 button_height = button_width # 正方形按钮 for i in range(1, 7): btn = "colorButton{}".format(i) if cmds.button(btn, exists=True): cmds.button(btn, edit=True, width=button_width, height=button_height) def create_custom_color_space_gui(): window_name = "CustomTextureColorSpaceTool" if cmds.window(window_name, exists=True): cmds.deleteUI(window_name) window = cmds.window(window_name, title="Color Space Tool", widthHeight=(700, 450), resizeToFitChildren=True) main_layout = cmds.columnLayout(adjustableColumn=True, rowSpacing=10) # 贴图列表说明文本 cmds.text(label="Texture List (Node | File Name | Color Space):", height=30, align='left') # 使用 layout 包裹贴图列表 list_layout = cmds.columnLayout('textureListLayout', adjustableColumn=True) update_texture_list('textureList') cmds.setParent('..') refresh_btn = cmds.button(label="Refresh", command=lambda x: update_texture_list('textureList')) # 按钮布局 - 6 个色彩空间按钮横向排列 color_button_layout = cmds.rowLayout("colorButtonLayout", numberOfColumns=6, adjustableColumn=True, columnAttach=[(i, 'both', 10) for i in range(1, 7)], parent=main_layout) bg_color = [0.3, 0.6, 1.0] # 创建按钮并命名 cmds.button("colorButton1", label="Raw", backgroundColor=bg_color, command=lambda x, cs='Raw': on_set_color_space('textureList', cs)) cmds.button("colorButton2", label="Utility - Raw", backgroundColor=bg_color, command=lambda x, cs='Utility - Raw': on_set_color_space('textureList', cs)) cmds.button("colorButton3", label="sRGB", backgroundColor=bg_color, command=lambda x, cs='sRGB': on_set_color_space('textureList', cs)) cmds.button("colorButton4", label="ACES - ACEScg", backgroundColor=bg_color, command=lambda x, cs='ACES - ACEScg': on_set_color_space('textureList', cs)) cmds.button("colorButton5", label="Utility - sRGB - Texture", backgroundColor=bg_color, command=lambda x, cs='Utility - sRGB - Texture': on_set_color_space('textureList', cs)) cmds.button("colorButton6", label="Utility - Linear - sRGB", backgroundColor=bg_color, command=lambda x, cs='Utility - Linear - sRGB': on_set_color_space('textureList', cs)) cmds.setParent('..') # 显示窗口 cmds.showWindow(window) # 使用 scriptJob 监听窗口大小变化 global resize_job_id try: resize_job_id = cmds.scriptJob( uiDeleted=[window_name, lambda: print("Window closed")], attributeChange=[window + ".width", on_window_resize, window + ".height", on_window_resize] ) except Exception as e: print("ScriptJob error:", str(e)) # 新增按钮：将贴图路径改为文件名 cmds.button(label="Use File Name Only", command=lambda x: set_texture_path_to_file_name_only()) # 执行函数创建 GUI create_custom_color_space_gui() ``` --- ## ✅ 关键兼容处理说明 | 处理点 | 说明 | |--------|------| | `from __future__ import print_function` | 使 `print("xxx")` 在 Python 2 中可用 | | `from __future__ import division` | 使 `5 / 2 == 2.5`，统一除法行为 | | `u"字符串"` | 明确使用 Unicode 字符串 | | `lambda x, cs='xxx': ...` | 避免 late-binding 问题 | | `global resize_job_id` | 防止重复绑定 | | `try-except` 包裹 `scriptJob` | 提高稳定性 | --- ###