### 差异比较并输出函数名 为了实现 Python 中两个代码文件的差异比较，并输出发生差异的具体函数名称，可以采用 `difflib` 库来处理文本差异。以下是完整的解决方案： #### 解决方案概述 通过读取两个文件的内容，逐行比较它们之间的差异，并利用正则表达式提取出包含差异的行所属的函数定义部分。 #### 实现代码 以下是一个基于 Python 的脚本，用于完成此任务： ```python import difflib import re def extract_function_name(line): """Extracts the function name from a given line.""" match = re.match(r'^\s*def\s+(\w+)\(.*', line) if match: return match.group(1) return None def get_diff_with_functions(file1_path, file2_path): """ Compares two files and outputs differences along with the functions they belong to. Args: file1_path (str): Path to the first file. file2_path (str): Path to the second file. Returns: dict: A dictionary containing added, removed, modified lines grouped by function names. """ # Read both files with open(file1_path, 'r') as f1, open(file2_path, 'r') as f2: content1 = f1.readlines() content2 = f2.readlines() # Initialize variables current_function = "global" diff_dict = {"added": {}, "removed": {}, "modified": {}} # Create differ object d = difflib.Differ() diffs = list(d.compare(content1, content2)) for i, line in enumerate(diffs): func_name = extract_function_name(content1[i]) or extract_function_name(content2[i]) if func_name: current_function = func_name if line.startswith('+ ') and not line.startswith('++'): if current_function not in diff_dict["added"]: diff_dict["added"][current_function] = [] diff_dict["added"][current_function].append(line[2:].strip()) elif line.startswith('- ') and not line.startswith('--'): if current_function not in diff_dict["removed"]: diff_dict["removed"][current_function] = [] diff_dict["removed"][current_function].append(line[2:].strip()) elif line.startswith('? '): continue # Ignore indicators # Identify modifications based on intersection of keys for func in set(diff_dict["added"].keys()).intersection(set(diff_dict["removed"].keys())): if func not in diff_dict["modified"]: diff_dict["modified"][func] = { "additions": diff_dict["added"].pop(func), "deletions": diff_dict["removed"].pop(func) } return diff_dict # Example usage if __name__ == "__main__": result = get_diff_with_functions("file1.py", "file2.py") print("Added Lines:") for func, lines in result.get("added", {}).items(): print(f"In Function {func}: {lines}") print("\nRemoved Lines:") for func, lines in result.get("removed", {}).items(): print(f"In Function {func}: {lines}") print("\nModified Functions:") for func, changes in result.get("modified", {}).items(): print(f"Function {func}:\nAdditions: {changes['additions']}\nDeletions: {changes['deletions']}") ``` #### 功能说明 - **`extract_function_name`**: 使用正则表达式匹配以提取函数定义中的函数名称。 - **`get_diff_with_functions`**: 主要逻辑模块，负责解析两份代码文件的差异，并按函数分组存储这些差异。 - 输出分为三类：新增 (`added`)、删除 (`removed`) 和修改 (`modified`) 部分。 #### 关键技术点 - 利用 `difflib.Differ()` 来生成逐行差异[^1]。 - 正则表达式识别函数定义语句，从而关联差异到具体函数上下文中[^3]。 --- ####