以下是基于 PyCharm 使用 Python 和 PyTorch 搭建 ResNet 网络模型的完整代码示例： ### ResNet 网络结构概述 ResNet（Residual Network）通过引入残差模块解决了深层神经网络中的梯度消失问题，使得网络可以更深而不易退化性能[^1]。 ```python import torch import torch.nn as nn class BasicBlock(nn.Module): expansion = 1 def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=None): super(BasicBlock, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.downsample = downsample def forward(self, x): identity = x out = self.conv1(x) out = self.bn1(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv2(out) out = self.bn2(out) if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x) out += identity out = self.relu(out) return out class Bottleneck(nn.Module): expansion = 4 def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=None): super(Bottleneck, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, bias=False) self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels * self.expansion) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.downsample = downsample def forward(self, x): identity = x out = self.conv1(x) out = self.bn1(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv2(out) out = self.bn2(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.conv3(out) out = self.bn3(out) if self.downsample is not None: identity = self.downsample(x) out += identity out = self.relu(out) return out class ResNet(nn.Module): def __init__(self, block, layers, num_classes=1000): super(ResNet, self).__init__() self.in_channels = 64 self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1) self.layer1 = self._make_layer(block, 64, layers[0]) self.layer2 = self._make_layer(block, 128, layers[1], stride=2) self.layer3 = self._make_layer(block, 256, layers[2], stride=2) self.layer4 = self._make_layer(block, 512, layers[3], stride=2) self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)) self.fc = nn.Linear(512 * block.expansion, num_classes) def _make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride=1): downsample = None if stride != 1 or self.in_channels != out_channels * block.expansion: downsample = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(self.in_channels, out_channels * block.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False), nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels * block.expansion) ) layers = [] layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride, downsample)) self.in_channels = out_channels * block.expansion for _ in range(1, blocks): layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels)) return nn.Sequential(*layers) def forward(self, x): x = self.conv1(x) x = self.bn1(x) x = self.relu(x) x = self.maxpool(x) x = self.layer1(x) x = self.layer2(x) x = self.layer3(x) x = self.layer4(x) x = self.avgpool(x) x = torch.flatten(x, 1) x = self.fc(x) return x def resnet18(): return ResNet(BasicBlock, [2, 2, 2, 2]) def resnet34(): return ResNet(BasicBlock, [3, 4, 6, 3]) def resnet50(): return ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 4, 6, 3]) def resnet101(): return ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 4, 23, 3]) def resnet152(): return ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 8, 36, 3]) ``` 以上代码实现了 ResNet 的基本架构以及不同层数的变体（如 ResNet-18、ResNet-34、ResNet-50）。其中 `BasicBlock` 是用于较浅层网络的基础单元，而 `Bottleneck` 则适用于更深层次的网络。在实际应用中可以通过调用不同的函数获取对应的 ResNet 架构[^1]。