可以使用 Python 的 `psycopg2` 库来封装一个针对 PostgreSQL 数据库进行先查询记录，如果存在则修改该记录，如果不存在则新增记录的函数。以下是一个示例代码： ```python import psycopg2 def upsert_data(table_name, data, unique_condition): try: # 数据库连接信息 database = "xxxxx" user = "xxxxx" password = "xxxxxx" host = "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" port = "5432" # 建立数据库连接 conn = psycopg2.connect(database=database, user=user, password=password, host=host, port=port) # 创建游标对象 cur = conn.cursor() # 构建查询语句 select_sql = f"SELECT * FROM {table_name} WHERE {unique_condition}" cur.execute(select_sql) result = cur.fetchone() if result: # 如果记录存在，构建更新语句 set_values = ", ".join([f"{key} = %s" for key in data.keys()]) update_sql = f"UPDATE {table_name} SET {set_values} WHERE {unique_condition}" cur.execute(update_sql, tuple(data.values())) else: # 如果记录不存在，构建插入语句 columns = ", ".join(data.keys()) values_placeholders = ", ".join(["%s"] * len(data)) insert_sql = f"INSERT INTO {table_name} ({columns}) VALUES ({values_placeholders})" cur.execute(insert_sql, tuple(data.values())) # 提交事务 conn.commit() # 关闭游标和连接 cur.close() conn.close() print("数据操作成功") except (Exception, psycopg2.Error) as error: print("操作数据时出错:", error) ``` 使用示例： ```python # 要操作的数据 data = { "column1": "value1", "column2": "value2" } # 唯一条件 unique_condition = "id = 1" # 调用封装的函数 upsert_data("your_table", data, unique_condition) ```