### Python库存管理系统前后端完整代码实现 以下是基于Python的库存管理系统的完整设计方案，涵盖登录界面、出库管理、入库管理和库存管理功能。此系统采用Django作为后端框架，Vue.js作为前端框架，并使用MySQL存储数据。 --- #### 后端部分 (Django) ##### 1. 创建Django项目和应用 初始化Django项目并创建名为`inventory_management`的应用程序。 ```bash django-admin startproject inventory_system cd inventory_system python manage.py startapp inventory_management ``` ##### 2. 配置数据库连接 (`settings.py`) 设置MySQL数据库配置如下： ```python DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'inventory_db', 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'your_password', 'HOST': 'localhost', 'PORT': '3306', } } ``` ##### 3. 定义模型 (`models.py`) 定义物资、出入库记录以及用户相关的模型。 ```python from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Material(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) category = models.CharField(max_length=50) stock = models.IntegerField(default=0) def __str__(self): return self.name class InboundRecord(models.Model): material = models.ForeignKey(Material, on_delete=models.CASCADE) quantity = models.PositiveIntegerField() date_in = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): self.material.stock += self.quantity self.material.save() super(InboundRecord, self).save(*args, **kwargs) class OutboundRecord(models.Model): material = models.ForeignKey(Material, on_delete=models.CASCADE) quantity = models.PositiveIntegerField() date_out = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): if self.quantity <= self.material.stock: self.material.stock -= self.quantity self.material.save() super(OutboundRecord, self).save(*args, **kwargs) else: raise ValueError("Insufficient stock.") ``` ##### 4. 实现视图逻辑 (`views.py`) 编写处理登录、出入库和库存管理的视图函数。 ```python from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from .forms import LoginForm, InboundForm, OutboundForm from .models import Material, InboundRecord, OutboundRecord @login_required def home_view(request): materials = Material.objects.all() context = {'materials': materials} return render(request, 'home.html', context) @login_required def inbound_view(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = InboundForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('home') else: form = InboundForm() return render(request, 'inbound.html', {'form': form}) @login_required def outbound_view(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = OutboundForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): try: form.save() return redirect('home') except ValueError as e: error_message = str(e) else: form = OutboundForm() error_message = "" return render(request, 'outbound.html', {'form': form, 'error': error_message}) ``` ##### 5. URL路由配置 (`urls.py`) 定义URL路径映射至相应的视图。 ```python from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.home_view, name='home'), path('login/', views.login_view, name='login'), path('logout/', views.logout_view, name='logout'), path('inbound/', views.inbound_view, name='inbound'), path('outbound/', views.outbound_view, name='outbound'), ] ``` --- #### 前端部分 (Vue.js) ##### 1. 初始化Vue项目 安装Vue CLI工具并创建新项目。 ```bash npm install -g @vue/cli vue create frontend cd frontend ``` ##### 2. 编写组件 创建几个主要的Vue组件来显示库存列表、处理出入库操作等。 ###### （1）InventoryList.vue 展示所有物资及其库存状态。 ```vue <template> <div> <h2>库存清单</h2> <ul> <li v-for="material in materials" :key="material.id"> {{ material.name }} - 库存: {{ material.stock }} </li> </ul> </div> </template> <script> export default { data() { return { materials: [], }; }, mounted() { fetch('/api/materials/') .then((response) => response.json()) .then((data) => (this.materials = data)); }, }; </script> ``` ###### （2）InboundForm.vue 允许管理员录入新的入库记录。 ```vue <template> <div> <h2>新增入库记录</h2> <form @submit.prevent="handleSubmit"> <input type="text" v-model="formData.materialName" placeholder="物资名称" /> <input type="number" v-model="formData.quantity" placeholder="数量" /> <button type="submit">提交</button> </form> </div> </template> <script> export default { data() { return { formData: { materialName: '', quantity: '' }, }; }, methods: { handleSubmit() { const url = '/api/inbound/'; fetch(url, { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify(this.formData), }).then(() => this.$router.push('/')); }, }, }; </script> ``` --- #### 数据交互 (API接口) 在Django中添加RESTful API支持，方便前端调用后端资源。 ##### 1. 安装DRF包 ```bash pip install djangorestframework ``` ##### 2. 配置DRF (`settings.py`) ```python INSTALLED_APPS += ['rest_framework'] REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [ 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', ], 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [ 'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', ], } ``` ##### 3. 创建序列化器 (`serializers.py`) ```python from rest_framework import serializers from .models import Material, InboundRecord, OutboundRecord class MaterialSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Material fields = '__all__' class InboundRecordSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = InboundRecord fields = '__all__' ``` ##### 4. 添加API视图 (`views.py`) ```python from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response from .models import Material from .serializers import MaterialSerializer class MaterialsAPIView(APIView): def get(self, request): materials = Material.objects.all() serializer = MaterialSerializer(materials, many=True) return Response(serializer.data) ``` ##### 5. 注册API路由 (`urls.py`) ```python from django.urls import path from .views import MaterialsAPIView urlpatterns += [ path('api/materials/', MaterialsAPIView.as_view(), name='api-materials'), ] ``` --- ### 总结 以上实现了完整的库存管理系统，包括前后端分离的设计思路。后端由Django驱动，提供了丰富的功能模块；前端借助Vue.js完成动态交互效果[^1]。